what is root planing

3 min read 14-03-2025

Root planing is a non-surgical periodontal procedure designed to improve gum health and prevent further tooth loss. It's a crucial part of periodontal disease treatment, aiming to eliminate infection and promote healing. This comprehensive guide explains everything you need to know about root planing, from what it is to what to expect during and after the procedure.

Understanding Periodontal Disease

Before diving into root planing, it's important to understand periodontal disease, also known as gum disease. Periodontal disease is an infection of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It's caused by a buildup of plaque and tartar, leading to inflammation and gum recession. If left untreated, periodontal disease can progress and cause significant damage.

Stages of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease progresses through several stages, each with its own set of symptoms and treatment requirements. Early stages might only involve gingivitis (inflamed gums), while advanced stages can result in bone loss and tooth loss. Root planing is typically used to treat more advanced stages of periodontal disease.

What is Root Planing?

Root planing is a deep cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line. This process smooths the tooth's root surface, making it harder for bacteria to attach and reducing inflammation. Unlike a regular cleaning, root planing goes deeper, targeting the root surfaces beneath the gum line where infection often hides.

The Procedure Itself

Root planing is typically performed using specialized instruments, such as ultrasonic scalers and hand instruments. The procedure is usually done over multiple sessions, focusing on different areas of the mouth at a time. Local anesthesia is used to ensure patient comfort throughout the procedure.

Why is Root Planing Necessary?

Root planing is necessary to treat moderate to severe periodontal disease. By removing the bacteria and their toxins, root planing helps to stop the progression of the disease. It reduces inflammation, promotes healing, and ultimately helps save teeth from further damage.

What to Expect During and After Root Planing

During the Procedure:

Local Anesthesia: Your dentist will administer local anesthesia to numb the area.
Deep Cleaning: The dentist or hygienist will use specialized instruments to remove plaque and tartar from below the gum line.
Smoothing: The root surfaces will be smoothed to prevent further bacteria buildup.

After the Procedure:

Some Discomfort: You may experience some tenderness, mild bleeding, and swelling in the treated area.
Post-Operative Instructions: Your dentist will provide you with specific instructions on how to care for your mouth after the procedure. This will likely include rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash and using a soft-bristled toothbrush.
Follow-up Appointments: Follow-up appointments are essential to monitor healing and ensure the success of the treatment.

Root Planing vs. Scaling and Root Planing

While often used interchangeably, scaling and root planing are distinct procedures, albeit often performed together. Scaling refers to the removal of plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line. Root planing specifically focuses on smoothing the root surfaces to prevent future bacterial buildup. Together they form a comprehensive approach to periodontal disease treatment.

Is Root Planing Painful?

Root planing is generally not painful, thanks to the use of local anesthesia. However, you may experience some discomfort or tenderness after the procedure. Your dentist can prescribe pain medication if needed.

How Much Does Root Planing Cost?

The cost of root planing can vary depending on several factors, including the extent of the disease, the number of teeth affected, and your location. It's advisable to discuss the costs with your dentist before the procedure. Insurance may cover a portion of the cost.

Preventing Periodontal Disease

While root planing is an effective treatment, preventing periodontal disease is always better. Practicing good oral hygiene, including regular brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings, is vital. A healthy diet and avoiding smoking also play a significant role in maintaining good gum health.

Conclusion

Root planing is a valuable procedure for treating periodontal disease and preserving your teeth. It's a crucial step in preventing further damage and maintaining long-term oral health. If you suspect you might have gum disease, consult your dentist for an evaluation and appropriate treatment plan. Remember that early detection and intervention are key to successful treatment.