types of malignant melanoma

Daniel Parker

2 min read

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11-03-2025

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Malignant melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, giving skin its color. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the chances of successful outcomes. There are several types of malignant melanoma, each with its unique characteristics and prognosis. Understanding these differences is important for both patients and healthcare providers.

The Main Types of Malignant Melanoma

While all types are dangerous, they differ in appearance, location, and growth patterns. The most common classifications are:

1. Superficial Spreading Melanoma (SSM)

• Appearance: SSM is the most common type, often appearing as a flat, irregularly shaped lesion with varying colors (brown, tan, black, red, white, or blue). The borders may be poorly defined and uneven. It may grow slowly over months or even years.
• Location: Frequently found on the trunk (back and chest) in men and the legs in women. Can occur anywhere on the body.
• Prognosis: Generally has a good prognosis if detected early, before it invades deeper layers of the skin.

2. Nodular Melanoma

• Appearance: This type grows quickly and appears as a raised, dome-shaped nodule or bump. It's typically dark brown or black, but can also be flesh-colored or bluish. It lacks the flat, spreading phase seen in SSM.
• Location: Can develop anywhere on the body, but commonly appears on the head, neck, and trunk.
• Prognosis: Often presents with a more aggressive growth pattern and can have a poorer prognosis if not detected and treated promptly.

3. Lentigo Maligna Melanoma (LMM)

• Appearance: Begins as a flat, tan or brown macule (spot) that gradually darkens and thickens over years. It often develops on sun-exposed areas. The edges are often irregular and may become raised over time.
• Location: Most frequently found on the face, ears, neck, and scalp—areas with prolonged sun exposure.
• Prognosis: The prognosis is typically better than nodular melanoma but worse than superficial spreading melanoma, depending on how deeply it penetrates the skin.

4. Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (ALM)

• Appearance: This uncommon type develops on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and under the nails. It often presents as a darkly pigmented lesion with irregular borders. It may not appear as distinctly as other melanoma types.
• Location: Palms, soles, and under the nails. Less commonly associated with sun exposure.
• Prognosis: Can be aggressive, often diagnosed at a later stage.

What to Look For: The ABCDEs of Melanoma

Remember the ABCDEs to help you identify potentially suspicious moles or lesions:

• Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn't match the other.
• Border: The edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.
• Color: The color is uneven, with different shades of brown, tan, black, red, white, or blue.
• Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser), although melanomas can be smaller.
• Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape, or color.

Important Note: If you notice any changes in an existing mole or discover a new lesion that exhibits these characteristics, consult a dermatologist immediately. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always seek professional medical care for any health concerns.

Related Articles:

• [Link to an article about melanoma prevention]
• [Link to an article about melanoma treatment]

References:

• [Link to a reputable source on melanoma types, e.g., the American Academy of Dermatology]
• [Link to a reputable source on melanoma statistics, e.g., the National Cancer Institute]

Remember, early detection is key to successful melanoma treatment. Regular self-skin exams and professional checkups are crucial for maintaining skin health and reducing your risk.