symptoms of pandas disorder

Daniel Parker

2 min read

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12-03-2025

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What is PANDAS?

PANDAS, or Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections, is a controversial but increasingly recognized condition. It's characterized by sudden-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms in children following a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. The link between strep and these symptoms is believed to be an autoimmune response where the body mistakenly attacks the brain. It's crucial to note that PANDAS is not universally accepted within the medical community, with ongoing research needed to fully understand its causes and effects.

Key Symptoms of PANDAS

The symptoms of PANDAS can vary greatly from child to child, and their intensity can fluctuate. However, several common symptoms frequently appear. These symptoms often manifest suddenly and dramatically after a strep infection.

Behavioral and Emotional Symptoms:

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): This is a hallmark symptom, often presenting as intense rituals, repetitive behaviors, and intrusive thoughts. Children may become fixated on specific routines or obsessions.
• Anxiety: Severe anxiety, often manifesting as panic attacks, phobias, or generalized anxiety, is frequently observed. Children might express intense fear or worry.
• Irritability and Mood Swings: Rapid and dramatic shifts in mood, from extreme happiness to intense anger or sadness, are characteristic. These swings can be unpredictable and distressing for both the child and their family.
• Oppositional Defiance: Children might become defiant, argumentative, and resistant to authority figures. This can make daily routines challenging.
• Separation Anxiety: An intense fear of being separated from parents or caregivers is common. This can manifest as extreme distress when away from attachment figures.
• Depression: Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities are possible. This can impact the child's overall well-being.

Motor and Neurological Symptoms:

• Tic Disorders: Sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic movements or vocalizations (tics) are often present. These can range from simple motor tics like eye blinking to more complex movements.
• Changes in Handwriting: A noticeable deterioration in handwriting is sometimes observed, indicating potential neurological involvement.
• Motor Coordination Problems: Difficulty with coordination, balance, and fine motor skills can develop. This can affect activities like writing, drawing, or sports.
• Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia, nightmares, and changes in sleep patterns are frequent complaints. Sleep disruption can exacerbate other symptoms.

Diagnosing PANDAS

Diagnosing PANDAS can be complex because there is no single definitive test. Doctors typically rely on a combination of:

• Medical History: A detailed history of the child's symptoms, including the timing of symptom onset relative to strep infections.
• Physical Examination: To rule out other possible causes.
• Neurological Examination: To assess motor skills and neurological function.
• Psychological Evaluation: To determine the severity and nature of behavioral and emotional symptoms.
• Laboratory Tests: Including blood tests to check for strep antibodies.

It's vital to consult with a qualified healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about PANDAS and can conduct a thorough evaluation. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing symptoms.

Treatment Options for PANDAS

Treatment often involves a multidisciplinary approach including:

• Antibiotics: To treat active strep infections and potentially prevent future relapses.
• Immunotherapy: Treatments aimed at modulating the immune system.
• Behavioral Therapy: Such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy to address OCD and anxiety symptoms.
• Medication: Medications may be used to manage specific symptoms like anxiety, OCD, or tics.

It's crucial to work closely with a healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses the child's specific needs and symptoms. Remember that PANDAS is a complex condition, and treatment may require ongoing adjustment and monitoring.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.