symptoms of ovarian torsion

2 min read 10-03-2025

Ovarian torsion is a serious medical condition where the ovary twists on its supporting ligaments, cutting off its blood supply. This can lead to severe pain and potentially damage or loss of the ovary if not treated promptly. Understanding the symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention. Early recognition of ovarian torsion symptoms is vital because prompt medical attention significantly increases the chances of a successful outcome.

Understanding the Causes and Risk Factors

Before delving into the symptoms, let's briefly look at what causes ovarian torsion. While the exact cause isn't always clear, several factors can increase the risk:

Ovarian cysts: Large or complex ovarian cysts are a common contributing factor. The added weight and bulk can make the ovary more prone to twisting.
Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases the risk due to hormonal changes and the enlargement of pelvic organs.
Physical activity: Strenuous physical activity or trauma can sometimes trigger ovarian torsion.
Anatomical abnormalities: Certain anatomical variations in the supporting ligaments can make the ovary more susceptible to twisting.

Key Symptoms of Ovarian Torsion

The symptoms of ovarian torsion can vary, but some common signs include:

1. Severe Pelvic Pain:

This is often the most prominent symptom. The pain is typically sudden and intense, often localized to one side of the lower abdomen or pelvis. It can be described as sharp, cramping, or stabbing.

2. Nausea and Vomiting:

These gastrointestinal symptoms are common accompaniments to the intense pelvic pain. They're often a result of the body's response to the severe pain and the disruption caused by the torsion.

3. Abdominal Bloating or Distension:

Some women may experience a feeling of abdominal fullness or bloating. This is due to the inflammation and irritation caused by the twisted ovary.

4. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding:

Although not always present, irregular or heavier-than-normal vaginal bleeding can sometimes occur.

5. Fever:

While less common, a fever may develop if the ovary becomes infected due to compromised blood supply.

Less Common but Important Symptoms

While the symptoms above are frequently observed, some individuals may experience:

Pain radiating to the thigh or groin: The pain isn't always confined to the lower abdomen. It can spread to adjacent areas.
Menstrual irregularities: Changes in the menstrual cycle may occur, though this isn't a primary symptom.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

Because ovarian torsion is a time-sensitive medical emergency, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you experience any combination of the symptoms described above, especially if the pain is severe and sudden. Delaying treatment can lead to irreversible damage to the ovary.

Diagnostic Tests for Ovarian Torsion

Diagnosing ovarian torsion can involve several tests:

Pelvic exam: A physical examination can reveal tenderness in the lower abdomen.
Ultrasound: This is the primary imaging technique used. It can visualize the twisted ovary and assess blood flow.
Doppler ultrasound: This specialized ultrasound technique helps assess blood flow to the ovary.

Treatment for Ovarian Torsion

Treatment typically involves surgery to untwist the ovary and restore blood flow. In some cases, the ovary might need to be removed if it's severely damaged or necrotic (dead tissue).

Conclusion: Prompt Action is Crucial

Ovarian torsion is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking immediate medical care are vital for preserving ovarian function and overall health. If you suspect ovarian torsion, don't hesitate to contact your doctor or go to the nearest emergency room. Remember, early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve the chances of a positive outcome.

Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.