small intestine follow through

3 min read 16-03-2025

Meta Description: Learn all about a small bowel follow-through (SBFT), a medical imaging procedure used to examine the small intestine. This comprehensive guide covers the procedure, preparation, potential risks, and what to expect. Discover when an SBFT is necessary and how the results are interpreted. Get informed before your exam! (158 characters)

What is a Small Bowel Follow-Through (SBFT)?

A small bowel follow-through (SBFT) is a radiographic (X-ray) examination of the small intestine. It's used to visualize the structure and function of this crucial part of your digestive system. Unlike a barium enema which focuses on the large intestine, an SBFT tracks a barium sulfate solution as it moves through the small intestine. This allows doctors to identify various issues affecting its structure and function. The procedure is a valuable diagnostic tool for several gastrointestinal conditions.

Why is an SBFT Performed?

Doctors order an SBFT to investigate a range of symptoms and conditions affecting the small intestine. These include:

Chronic abdominal pain: Persistent pain in the abdomen could indicate issues within the small intestine.
Suspected Crohn's disease or Celiac disease: SBFT can help diagnose these inflammatory bowel diseases.
Malabsorption: If your body isn't absorbing nutrients properly, an SBFT can help pinpoint the cause.
Obstructions: Blockages in the small intestine can cause serious complications. An SBFT can identify their location and severity.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): This encompasses conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Post-surgical complications: Following intestinal surgery, an SBFT can assess healing and identify potential problems.
Abdominal masses or tumors: The test can reveal the presence and location of such growths.

How to Prepare for an SBFT

Proper preparation is essential for a successful SBFT. Your doctor will provide specific instructions, but generally, you'll need to:

Fasting: You'll likely need to fast for several hours before the procedure. This ensures the barium is clearly visible on the X-rays.
Bowel preparation: A bowel cleansing regimen, such as laxatives or enemas, might be necessary to clear your bowel. This improves image clarity.
Medications: Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs. Some might need to be temporarily stopped.

The SBFT Procedure: What to Expect

The SBFT is generally a non-invasive outpatient procedure. Here's what typically happens:

Barium ingestion: You'll drink a barium sulfate solution. This chalky liquid coats the lining of your small intestine, making it visible on X-rays.
X-ray imaging: A series of X-rays are taken over a period of time (usually 30-60 minutes). Images are captured as the barium progresses through your small intestine.
Monitoring: A technician will monitor your progress and ensure your comfort during the procedure.
Post-procedure: After the procedure, you may experience some cramping or bloating. Increased fluid intake will help eliminate the barium.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

While generally safe, an SBFT carries minor risks:

Constipation: The barium can cause constipation. Increased fluid intake usually resolves this.
Allergies: Although rare, allergic reactions to barium are possible.
Bowel perforation (rare): In extremely rare instances, perforation of the bowel can occur. This is more likely if you have pre-existing bowel issues.

Interpreting SBFT Results

Your doctor will interpret the X-ray images to assess the structure and function of your small intestine. The images reveal the transit time of the barium, the appearance of the intestinal lining, and the presence of any abnormalities. The findings will help diagnose the underlying condition and guide treatment decisions.

Alternatives to SBFT

In some cases, alternative imaging techniques may be considered, such as:

Computed tomography (CT) enterography: A CT scan with specialized contrast agents to visualize the small intestine.
Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE): An MRI scan using contrast to visualize the small intestine. This is often preferred for patients with allergies to barium.
Capsule endoscopy: A small camera is swallowed and takes pictures as it passes through the digestive tract.

Conclusion

The small bowel follow-through (SBFT) is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating various small intestinal conditions. While it involves drinking a barium solution and undergoing X-rays, the procedure is generally safe and well-tolerated. If your doctor recommends an SBFT, understanding the process, preparation, and potential risks will help ensure a smoother experience. Remember to always discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider.