side effects of levetiracetam

Daniel Parker

2 min read

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15-03-2025

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Levetiracetam (Keppra) is a widely prescribed anti-epileptic drug (AED) used to treat epilepsy and some types of seizures. While generally well-tolerated, it's crucial to be aware of its potential side effects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of common and less common side effects, helping you understand what to expect and when to seek medical attention.

Common Side Effects of Levetiracetam

Many people taking levetiracetam experience mild side effects that usually lessen over time as their body adjusts to the medication. These common side effects include:

• Drowsiness and Fatigue: This is one of the most frequently reported side effects. It's often more pronounced at the beginning of treatment. Driving or operating machinery may be affected.
• Dizziness: Similar to drowsiness, dizziness can impact balance and coordination.
• Headache: Headaches are another relatively common side effect. Over-the-counter pain relievers may help manage this.
• Nausea: Some individuals experience nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting. This is often temporary.
• Weakness or Fatigue: Feeling generally weak or fatigued is possible.
• Weight Changes: Both weight gain and weight loss have been reported.

Managing Common Side Effects:

Most common side effects are manageable. Strategies include:

• Gradual dose increase: Your doctor may start you on a low dose and gradually increase it to minimize side effects.
• Timing of medication: Taking levetiracetam at bedtime can help mitigate daytime drowsiness.
• Lifestyle adjustments: Getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and regular exercise can also help.
• Communication with your doctor: Open communication with your doctor is crucial to manage any concerns.

Less Common but Serious Side Effects of Levetiracetam

While less frequent, some individuals experience more serious side effects. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of the following:

• Allergic reactions: These can range from mild rashes to severe anaphylaxis (a life-threatening allergic reaction). Symptoms may include hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or chest tightness.
• Suicidal thoughts or behaviors: Levetiracetam, like other AEDs, carries a small increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors. This is a serious concern and requires immediate medical attention.
• Severe skin reactions: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are rare but life-threatening skin reactions. Symptoms include widespread blistering and peeling skin.
• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas): Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
• Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver): Symptoms may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and fatigue.
• Psychiatric issues: Some individuals may experience increased anxiety, depression, aggression, or psychosis.

How to Minimize Levetiracetam Side Effects

While not all side effects are avoidable, you can take steps to minimize your risk:

• Follow your doctor's instructions carefully: This includes taking the medication as prescribed and attending all follow-up appointments.
• Report any side effects to your doctor immediately: Early detection and management of side effects can prevent more serious complications.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help support overall health and well-being.
• Avoid alcohol and other drugs: These substances can interact with levetiracetam and worsen side effects.

When to Contact Your Doctor

It's important to contact your doctor if you experience any concerning side effects, even if they seem mild. They can assess the situation and make adjustments to your treatment plan as needed. Don't hesitate to reach out – your health is paramount.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult your doctor or other qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. They can assess your individual health situation and provide personalized recommendations.