otitis media vs otitis externa

Daniel Parker

3 min read

·

12-03-2025

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Ear infections are a common ailment, especially among children. However, not all ear infections are created equal. Two distinct types, otitis media and otitis externa, affect different parts of the ear and require different treatment approaches. Understanding the key differences between otitis media (middle ear infection) and otitis externa (swimmer's ear) is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.

What is Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)?

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum. The middle ear is connected to the back of the throat via the Eustachian tube. This tube normally equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment. However, when this tube becomes blocked—often due to inflammation from a cold or allergies—fluid can build up in the middle ear. This fluid can become infected, leading to otitis media.

Symptoms of Otitis Media:

• Earache (otalgia) – often severe
• Feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
• Fever
• Fluid drainage from the ear (if the eardrum ruptures)
• Hearing loss (temporary or permanent in severe cases)
• Irritability and difficulty sleeping (especially in infants and young children)

Causes of Otitis Media:

• Viral or bacterial infections (often following a cold or upper respiratory infection)
• Allergies
• Structural abnormalities of the Eustachian tube
• Exposure to cigarette smoke

Diagnosis and Treatment of Otitis Media:

Diagnosis typically involves an otoscopic examination (looking into the ear with a special instrument). Treatment often includes antibiotics, pain relievers (like acetaminophen or ibuprofen), and sometimes, procedures to drain fluid from the middle ear. In some cases, surgery might be necessary.

What is Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)?

Otitis externa, commonly known as swimmer's ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal, the passageway leading to the eardrum. It's often caused by water trapped in the ear canal, creating a moist environment that promotes bacterial or fungal growth.

Symptoms of Otitis Externa:

• Itching in the ear canal
• Pain in the ear, especially when the ear is touched or pulled
• Redness and swelling of the outer ear canal
• Discharge from the ear (which may be watery, yellow, or bloody)
• Hearing loss (usually mild)

Causes of Otitis Externa:

• Water trapped in the ear canal
• Irritation from earplugs or hearing aids
• Scratching or cleaning the ear canal
• Exposure to contaminated water (like in swimming pools or lakes)
• Bacterial or fungal infections

Diagnosis and Treatment of Otitis Externa:

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination of the ear canal. Treatment may involve ear drops containing antibiotics or antifungals, pain relievers, and keeping the ear canal dry. In severe cases, oral antibiotics might be necessary.

Key Differences Between Otitis Media and Otitis Externa:

Preventing Ear Infections:

Regardless of the type of ear infection, prevention is key. Here are some tips to reduce your risk:

• Dry your ears thoroughly after swimming or showering. Use a towel to gently wipe the outer ear. Avoid inserting cotton swabs into the ear canal.
• Avoid using cotton swabs or other objects to clean your ears. This can push debris further into the ear canal and increase the risk of infection.
• Treat colds and allergies promptly. These can increase your risk of developing otitis media.
• Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke.
• If you wear hearing aids, keep them clean and dry.

This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any ear infection. They can properly assess your symptoms and recommend the appropriate course of action.