mitral valve regurgitation symptoms

3 min read 12-03-2025

Mitral valve regurgitation (MVR), also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is a heart condition where the mitral valve doesn't close tightly. This allows blood to flow backward into the left atrium during the heart's contraction, reducing the efficiency of blood flow to the body. Understanding the symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation is crucial for early diagnosis and management. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

What is Mitral Valve Regurgitation?

The mitral valve is located between the heart's two left chambers: the left atrium and the left ventricle. Its primary function is to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts. In mitral valve regurgitation, this valve doesn't close properly, causing a backflow of blood. This can lead to various symptoms, depending on the severity of the condition.

Common Symptoms of Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Symptoms can vary widely depending on the severity and progression of MVR. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, especially in the early stages of the disease. However, as the condition worsens, you may notice some of the following:

Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea)

One of the most common symptoms of MVR is shortness of breath, particularly during physical exertion. As the regurgitation worsens, shortness of breath may also occur at rest. This is because the heart has to work harder to compensate for the leaking valve, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs.

Fatigue and Weakness

The heart's increased workload to overcome the backflow of blood can lead to feelings of fatigue and overall weakness. This is especially noticeable with increased physical activity. You might find everyday tasks more tiring than usual.

Palpitations

Many individuals with MVR experience palpitations, which are sensations of a rapid, fluttering, or irregular heartbeat. This is due to the heart's attempt to compensate for the inefficient blood flow.

Lightheadedness or Dizziness

Lightheadedness or dizziness can occur due to reduced blood flow to the brain caused by the inefficient pumping action of the heart. This is often linked to the overall reduction in the heart's efficiency.

Swelling in the Legs, Ankles, and Feet (Edema)

As the heart struggles to pump blood effectively, fluid can accumulate in the lower extremities, causing swelling. This edema is often more pronounced in the evenings or after periods of prolonged standing or sitting.

Cough

A persistent cough, especially at night, is another potential symptom. This is often caused by fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema) as a result of the backflow of blood.

Chest Pain (Angina)

In some cases, MVR can cause chest pain, similar to angina. This occurs when the heart is forced to work harder, increasing its oxygen demand and potentially leading to chest discomfort.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any of these symptoms, particularly shortness of breath, fatigue, or swelling, it's essential to seek medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing MVR and preventing serious complications.

Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Your doctor will likely perform a physical examination, listening to your heart with a stethoscope to detect murmurs (abnormal heart sounds). Further diagnostic tests, such as an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart), chest X-ray, and electrocardiogram (ECG), may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the regurgitation.

Treatment Options for Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Treatment options for mitral valve regurgitation depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Options can range from lifestyle modifications and medication to surgical intervention, including mitral valve repair or replacement.

This article provides general information and should not be considered medical advice. Consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving the quality of life for individuals with mitral valve regurgitation.