levetiracetam side effects in adults

Daniel Parker

3 min read

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13-03-2025

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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra, is an anti-seizure medication commonly prescribed for epilepsy. While generally well-tolerated, it can cause several side effects in adults. Understanding these potential side effects is crucial for informed decision-making and managing any adverse reactions. This guide explores the common and less common side effects of levetiracetam in adults.

Common Side Effects of Levetiracetam

Many adults taking levetiracetam experience mild side effects that often subside as the body adjusts to the medication. These include:

• Drowsiness and Fatigue: This is one of the most frequently reported side effects. It's often most pronounced at the start of treatment and can improve over time. Consider adjusting the timing of your dose, perhaps taking it at bedtime.

• Dizziness and Vertigo: A feeling of lightheadedness or unsteadiness is also common. Avoid activities requiring alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, until you know how the medication affects you.

• Headache: Many individuals experience headaches, ranging in severity. Over-the-counter pain relievers may help, but consult your doctor if headaches are severe or persistent.

• Nausea and Vomiting: Gastrointestinal upset is possible, though usually mild. Smaller, more frequent doses might help, or your doctor may suggest taking it with food.

• Weakness or Fatigue: Feeling generally weak or tired is another common side effect, often related to drowsiness.

• Changes in coordination: Some people experience problems with coordination or balance. This can affect daily activities, so take precautions to avoid falls.

Less Common but Serious Side Effects of Levetiracetam

While less frequent, some side effects can be more serious and require immediate medical attention. These include:

• Suicidal Thoughts or Behavior: Though rare, levetiracetam has been associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts or actions. If you experience any changes in mood, particularly depression or suicidal ideation, contact your doctor immediately.

• Severe Allergic Reactions: Symptoms like rash, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat (angioedema), difficulty breathing, or rapid heartbeat indicate a serious allergic reaction. Seek immediate medical attention if this occurs.

• Pancreatitis (Inflammation of the Pancreas): This is a less common but serious side effect characterized by severe abdominal pain. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience severe abdominal pain.

• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN): These rare but life-threatening skin reactions require immediate medical attention. Symptoms include a widespread, painful rash and blisters.

• Hepatitis (Liver Inflammation): Liver function should be monitored regularly, especially during initial treatment. Symptoms of hepatitis include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and abdominal pain.

• Neuropsychiatric effects: This can include aggression, anxiety, depression, or psychosis. These can be serious and require medical attention.

How to Manage Levetiracetam Side Effects

• Communication with your doctor: Openly discuss any side effects with your doctor. They may adjust your dosage, change the medication, or suggest strategies to manage side effects.

• Lifestyle adjustments: Get enough rest, eat a healthy diet, and stay hydrated. Avoid alcohol, which can worsen drowsiness and other side effects.

• Gradual dose increase: Starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it can minimize the severity of side effects.

• Medication adherence: Consistent medication intake is vital for controlling seizures. Don't stop taking levetiracetam abruptly without consulting your doctor.

• Regular monitoring: Regular blood tests might be necessary to monitor liver function and overall health.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the serious side effects mentioned above, or if you experience any concerning changes in your mental or physical health while taking levetiracetam.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with your physician or other qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or altering any medication regimen. They can provide personalized guidance based on your specific health conditions and needs.