how to make land perk for septic system

Daniel Parker

3 min read

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31-01-2025

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Septic system installation requires careful site evaluation. One crucial aspect is determining if the land will properly "perk," meaning its ability to effectively absorb wastewater. Poorly perking land can lead to septic system failure and environmental contamination. This article guides you through the process of determining if your land will perk for a septic system. Understanding this process is vital before you begin any septic system construction.

Understanding Percolation Testing

Percolation, or perc, testing measures how quickly water drains through the soil. This test is essential for determining the suitability of your land for a septic system. The results directly impact the design and size of the septic system needed. If the soil doesn't perk well, alternative wastewater treatment solutions may be necessary.

Why Percolation Matters

The goal is to ensure wastewater from your septic tank can properly filter through the soil. Slow percolation means wastewater sits near the surface, potentially contaminating groundwater. Fast percolation might lead to insufficient treatment before the wastewater reaches groundwater. The ideal percolation rate ensures the wastewater is properly treated and dispersed without causing environmental problems.

The Percolation Test: A Step-by-Step Guide

A licensed professional should perform the official percolation test. However, understanding the process helps you interpret the results. Here's a simplified overview:

1. Hole Preparation: A hole, typically 12-18 inches in diameter and 12-24 inches deep, is dug into the proposed drain field location. The hole should be dug below the topsoil to reach the subsoil, the layer where the drain field will be installed. The bottom of the hole is leveled.

2. Water Saturation: The hole is filled with water until the water level reaches the top. It's then allowed to sit until it drains completely. This ensures the soil is saturated and mimics the conditions of a functioning drain field.

3. Measuring Water Level: Once the hole is saturated, the time it takes for the water to drop a specific distance (usually six inches) is measured. This time is the percolation rate.

4. Rate Calculation: The percolation rate is expressed in minutes per inch. For instance, if it takes 10 minutes for the water level to drop 6 inches, the percolation rate is approximately 1.67 minutes per inch (10 minutes / 6 inches).

5. Interpreting Results: Health codes and local regulations establish acceptable percolation rates. Rates that are too slow or too fast indicate unsuitable soil conditions.

What to Do if Your Land Doesn't Perk

If the percolation test reveals that your land doesn't perk adequately, you have several options:

• Alternative Septic Systems: Consider alternative septic systems designed for slow-perking soil. These systems might include mound systems, pressure distribution systems, or advanced treatment units. These options are more complex and usually more expensive.

• Soil Amendment: In some cases, amending the soil with materials to improve drainage might be an option. However, this isn’t always feasible and requires expert advice.

• Different Location: If possible, explore alternative locations on your property for the septic system.

Important Considerations

• Professional Assistance: Always consult with a qualified septic system installer and engineer. They can conduct the necessary percolation tests, design an appropriate system, and ensure compliance with local regulations.

• Local Regulations: Understand your local health department's requirements for septic systems and percolation rates. These regulations vary significantly depending on location.

• Long-Term Planning: A properly functioning septic system is crucial for the health of your family and the environment. Properly perking land is the foundation for a reliable system.

Ensuring your land perks adequately is a critical first step in installing a safe and effective septic system. Remember to always involve licensed professionals to ensure compliance with all regulations and to protect both your investment and the environment. Ignoring this vital step can lead to costly repairs and significant environmental damage.