how to clean wheat pennies

3 min read 06-02-2025

Wheat pennies, those charming coins minted from 1909 to 1958, hold a special place in many collectors' hearts. Their unique design and historical significance make them desirable finds. But over time, these copper beauties can accumulate dirt, grime, and tarnish. This guide will walk you through the best ways to clean your wheat pennies, ensuring you preserve their value and beauty. We'll cover everything from simple cleaning methods to more advanced techniques for heavily tarnished coins.

Understanding Wheat Penny Value

Before you even think about cleaning, it's crucial to understand that the value of a wheat penny depends heavily on its condition. Cleaning a coin aggressively can irreparably damage it, significantly reducing its worth. Many collectors prefer coins in their "as-found" condition, meaning they haven't been cleaned. If your coin is already damaged, cleaning might not improve its appearance and may worsen it.

Consider these factors before cleaning:

Rarity: Some wheat pennies are rarer than others, depending on the year and mint mark.
Condition: Grading services like the American Numismatic Association (ANA) use a detailed scale to assess coin condition.
Potential Value: Research the value of your specific wheat penny before cleaning to gauge the risk. Websites like eBay and specialized coin grading sites can be helpful.

Methods for Cleaning Wheat Pennies

The best approach is often no cleaning at all. However, if cleaning is absolutely necessary, proceed with extreme caution. Here's a breakdown of various cleaning methods, from the gentlest to the most intense.

1. The Non-Cleaning Approach: Simple Cleaning

For lightly soiled wheat pennies, a simple cleaning might suffice. This involves gently brushing the coin with a soft-bristled brush (like a toothbrush) and distilled water. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive materials.

Materials: Soft-bristled brush, distilled water, lint-free cloth.
Process: Gently brush the coin under running distilled water, focusing on removing loose dirt. Dry with a lint-free cloth.

2. Mild Cleaning: Using Soap and Water

For moderately soiled pennies, a mild soap and water solution can be effective. This method requires more care to avoid scratching.

Materials: Mild dish soap (like Dawn), distilled water, soft-bristled brush, lint-free cloth.
Process: Mix a small amount of dish soap with distilled water. Gently brush the coin with the solution, rinsing thoroughly with distilled water afterward. Dry immediately with a lint-free cloth.

3. Advanced Cleaning: Chemical Methods (Use with Extreme Caution!)

Only resort to chemical methods if other methods fail, and you understand the risks involved. Improper use can severely damage your coin. Always test on an inconspicuous area first.

Materials: Specific coin-cleaning solutions (available at coin supply stores), cotton swabs, distilled water, lint-free cloth.
Process: Follow the instructions on the coin-cleaning solution carefully. Use cotton swabs to apply the solution, working in small areas. Rinse immediately and thoroughly with distilled water. Dry completely with a lint-free cloth.

What NOT to Do When Cleaning Wheat Pennies

Several methods should be strictly avoided due to their potential for damage:

Abrasive cleaners: Steel wool, scouring pads, and other abrasive materials will scratch your penny's surface.
Toothpaste: While sometimes suggested, toothpaste is too abrasive for delicate coins.
Vinegar: Vinegar is acidic and can damage the coin's patina.
Bleach: Bleach is extremely harsh and will ruin your coin.
Ultrasonic cleaners: While used by professional numismatists, ultrasonic cleaners can damage coins if not used correctly.

Preserving Your Cleaned Pennies

Once you've cleaned your wheat penny (if you chose to clean it), proper storage is crucial to prevent future tarnishing and damage.

Protective Sleeves: Store your pennies in individual protective sleeves or albums designed for coin storage.
Environment Control: Keep your coins in a cool, dry place away from humidity and extreme temperatures.

Conclusion: A Final Word on Cleaning Wheat Pennies

Cleaning wheat pennies is a delicate process. It's always best to leave them uncleaned unless absolutely necessary. If you must clean them, start with the gentlest methods. Remember, the value and condition of your wheat pennies are paramount, so proceed cautiously and consider consulting with a professional numismatist if you have concerns. Careful handling and preservation will allow you to enjoy these historic coins for years to come.