how to change electric brakes on a trailer

3 min read 31-01-2025

how to change electric brakes on a trailer

Meta Description: Learn how to replace electric trailer brakes safely and efficiently. This comprehensive guide covers troubleshooting, choosing replacement parts, and the step-by-step process for installation. Get back on the road with confidence! (158 characters)

Electric trailer brakes are crucial for safe towing. Knowing how to replace them is a valuable skill for any trailer owner. This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step process for changing your electric trailer brakes. Remember, safety is paramount – if you're unsure about any step, consult a professional.

Assessing the Situation: Troubleshooting and Diagnosis

Before you jump into replacing your electric trailer brakes, it's essential to diagnose the problem. Are the brakes dragging? Completely unresponsive? Or is there something else going on?

Common Problems and Their Causes:

Inoperative Brakes: This could be due to a blown fuse, a faulty brake controller, wiring issues, or a problem with the brake magnets themselves.
Dragging Brakes: This often indicates a seized brake actuator or a problem with the brake's adjustment.
Intermittent Issues: These can point to loose wiring, corroded connections, or a failing brake magnet.

Use a multimeter to test the electrical system, checking for voltage and continuity in the wiring. A visual inspection of the brake assemblies will help you identify worn or damaged components.

Choosing the Right Replacement Parts

Selecting the correct replacement parts is vital. The wrong parts can lead to safety hazards and further complications.

Important Considerations:

Trailer Axle: Identify your trailer's axle type (e.g., Dexter, Lippert) and size. This ensures you get the right brake assembly.
Brake Size: Measure the diameter of your existing brake drum or rotor to verify the correct size of the replacement brakes.
Electric Brake Type: There are different types of electric brakes (e.g., electric-over-hydraulic, electric-magnetic). Ensure you select the correct type for your trailer.
Number of Brakes: Most trailers have brakes on each wheel. Ensure you order the appropriate number of replacements.

Always purchase parts from reputable suppliers to guarantee quality and compatibility.

Tools and Materials You'll Need

Before you start, gather the necessary tools and materials. Having everything ready beforehand will make the process smoother and safer.

Tools:

Socket wrench set (including the right size for your brake assembly's bolts)
Lug wrench
Wheel chocks (essential for safety)
Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead)
Pliers
Wire cutters/strippers
Multimeter (for testing electrical connections)
Torque wrench (to tighten bolts to the manufacturer's specifications)
Jack and jack stands (for safely lifting the trailer)
Grease

Materials:

Replacement electric trailer brakes (ensure they are the correct type and size)
Brake fluid (if applicable – for electric-over-hydraulic brakes)
Wiring connectors (if needed)
Electrical tape
Gloves

Step-by-Step Guide to Replacing Electric Trailer Brakes

Safety First: Always engage the parking brake on your tow vehicle and use wheel chocks on the trailer wheels before starting any work. Wear safety glasses and work gloves.

Secure the Trailer: Use wheel chocks to secure the trailer and ensure it won't roll.
Detach the Trailer: Disconnect the trailer from your tow vehicle.
Lift the Trailer Wheel: Safely lift the trailer wheel using a jack and secure it with jack stands. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
Remove the Wheel: Remove the wheel using the lug wrench.
Disconnect the Wiring Harness: Carefully disconnect the wiring harness from the brake assembly. Take photos or make notes to help with reassembly.
Remove the Brake Assembly: Carefully remove the brake assembly from the hub. This may involve removing several bolts and potentially a backing plate.
Install the New Brake Assembly: Install the new brake assembly, reversing the removal process. Tighten all bolts to the manufacturer's specified torque.
Reconnect the Wiring Harness: Reconnect the wiring harness, making sure all connections are secure. Use electrical tape to secure any exposed wires.
Reinstall the Wheel: Reinstall the wheel and tighten the lug nuts. Torque them to the manufacturer's specifications.
Lower the Trailer: Carefully lower the trailer wheel from the jack stands.
Repeat for Other Wheels: Repeat steps 3-10 for each wheel with a faulty brake assembly.
Test the Brakes: Reconnect the trailer to your tow vehicle and test the brakes thoroughly. Ensure they are functioning correctly and adjusting as needed.

Maintaining Your Trailer Brakes

Regular maintenance is crucial for extending the life of your trailer brakes and ensuring safe towing.

Inspect Regularly: Regularly inspect your brakes for wear and tear, loose connections, and corrosion.
Clean and Lubricate: Clean and lubricate the moving parts of the brake assemblies.
Adjust as Needed: Adjust the brakes as necessary to maintain optimal braking performance. Refer to your trailer's owner's manual for instructions.

By following these steps and prioritizing safety, you can confidently replace your electric trailer brakes and keep your towing setup safe and reliable. Remember, if you're uncomfortable performing this task, consult a qualified mechanic. Properly functioning trailer brakes are vital for your safety and the safety of others on the road.