how to build a purple martin house

3 min read 06-02-2025

Meta Description: Attract these beautiful birds to your backyard! Learn how to build a purple martin house with our comprehensive guide, covering materials, design, and placement for successful nesting. Enhance your garden's ecosystem and enjoy the vibrant spectacle of purple martins. Get started today! (158 characters)

Purple martins are captivating birds known for their striking plumage and aerial acrobatics. Building a purple martin house is a rewarding project that can bring these magnificent creatures to your backyard. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to constructing a welcoming and safe home for these social birds.

Planning Your Purple Martin House

Before you start hammering, careful planning is essential. Consider these factors:

Choosing the Right Location

Height: Mount your house at least 12-15 feet high. This helps protect against predators like raccoons, snakes, and cats. Taller is generally better, especially if you have significant tree cover.
Open Space: Purple martins need unobstructed flight paths for easy access to the house. Avoid placing it near dense vegetation or buildings.
Proximity to Water: A nearby water source, such as a birdbath or pond, is a significant plus.
Protection from the Elements: Choose a location that offers some protection from strong winds and harsh weather. A southern or southeastern exposure is ideal.

Selecting Materials

Durability is key when building a purple martin house. Opt for these materials:

Untreated Lumber: Use cedar, redwood, or pine – untreated and resistant to rot. Avoid pressure-treated lumber as it contains chemicals harmful to birds.
Exterior-Grade Screws: These ensure longevity and resist weathering.
Exterior-Grade Wood Glue: For added strength and to prevent gaps.
Wire Mesh (optional): To further protect against predators, consider adding wire mesh around the house's base.

House Design Considerations

Compartments: Purple martins are social and prefer multiple compartments. Aim for at least 12 compartments, although more is generally better (up to 24 or even more for large houses).
Compartment Size: Each compartment should be approximately 6" x 6" x 6".
Entrance Hole Size: The entrance hole should be 2 1/8" in diameter. This size is crucial to deter house sparrows and starlings, which can outcompete purple martins.
Drainage: Incorporate drainage holes in the bottom of the house to prevent water accumulation. This prevents rot and keeps the compartments dry.

Building Your Purple Martin House: A Step-by-Step Guide

Materials:

Untreated lumber (cedar, redwood, or pine)
Exterior-grade screws
Exterior-grade wood glue
Drill with assorted bits (including a 2 1/8" bit)
Saw (hand saw or circular saw)
Measuring tape
Pencil
Sandpaper
Level
Optional: Wire mesh

Instructions:

Cut the Lumber: Cut the lumber according to your chosen design. Accurate measurements are vital for a well-fitting structure. Refer to plans found online for detailed dimensions.
Assemble the Frame: Construct the main frame of the house using the cut lumber pieces. Use wood glue and screws to create a sturdy framework.
Add the Compartments: Attach the individual compartments to the frame. Ensure each compartment is securely fastened.
Drill Entrance Holes: Drill the 2 1/8" diameter entrance holes into the front of each compartment.
Attach the Roof: Construct and attach the roof. Ensure the roof is securely fastened to the frame and provides adequate weather protection.
Add Drainage Holes: Drill small drainage holes in the bottom of the house to allow for ventilation and water drainage.
Sand and Finish: Sand all surfaces smooth to prevent splinters. You can leave the wood natural, or apply a water-based sealant for added protection.

Installing Your Purple Martin House

Mounting: Securely attach the house to a sturdy pole or structure using appropriate hardware. Use a metal pole for added strength and predator deterrence.
Predator Guards: Install predator guards (cones or baffles) to prevent access by raccoons and other predators. These guards are essential for the safety of the martin chicks.
Monitoring: Regularly check your martin house for signs of nesting activity. Monitor for predators and address any issues promptly.

Maintaining Your Purple Martin House

Annual Cleaning: Clean out the house thoroughly after the breeding season. This removes old nests and parasites.
Repairs: Repair any damage to the house promptly to ensure its longevity.

By following these steps, you can successfully build and install a purple martin house, enriching your backyard with these delightful birds. Remember, patience is key. It may take time for purple martins to discover and accept your new house. With a little dedication, you'll soon be enjoying the vibrant energy and beauty of these amazing birds!