how is a child defined in terms of cpr/aed care

Daniel Parker

2 min read

·

24-02-2025

1

0

Share

Knowing how to perform CPR and use an AED can be life-saving. But the techniques and approach slightly differ depending on the age of the victim. Understanding the specific definition of a "child" in the context of CPR/AED is crucial for effective and safe resuscitation. This article clarifies the age ranges and why these distinctions are vital.

Defining a Child in CPR/AED

In CPR and AED protocols, a child is typically defined as someone between the ages of 1 and 8 years old or weighing between 55 and 100 pounds (approximately 25-45 kg). This definition is widely adopted by organizations like the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Red Cross (ARC). However, the weight range is often more useful in cases where age is uncertain or unavailable.

Why the Age/Weight Distinction Matters

These guidelines aren't arbitrary. The differences in CPR techniques for children versus adults or infants stem from anatomical and physiological variations:

• Size and Lung Capacity: A child's chest is smaller and their lungs have a reduced capacity compared to an adult. This necessitates adjustments in hand placement and the depth and rate of compressions.
• Airway Considerations: A child's airway is also different. The techniques used to open the airway and provide rescue breaths are modified to accommodate this.
• AED Pad Placement: Proper placement of AED pads is crucial for effective defibrillation. The size and location of a child's heart influence the positioning of these pads.

Infant vs. Child vs. Adult

To avoid confusion, let's highlight the differences in age classifications:

• Infant: Generally considered to be a person younger than 1 year old, or less than 25 lbs (11 kg).
• Child: As mentioned, typically 1 to 8 years old, or between 25-45 lbs (11-20 kg).
• Adult: Usually anyone 8 years or older.

CPR and AED Techniques Specific to Children

The specific techniques for CPR and AED use on a child include:

• Chest Compressions: Two-thumb-encircling hands technique (for smaller children) or two-hand technique (for larger children) should be used to perform chest compressions, placing your hands on the center of their chest between the nipples. The depth of compressions should be about 2 inches (about one-third the depth of the chest).
• Rescue Breaths: Give the child two rescue breaths after every 30 compressions. Use a mouth-to-mouth technique if possible and a mask if available. Use a smaller volume of air compared to an adult rescue breath.
• AED Use: Ensure you use the appropriate pediatric AED pads if available. Pediatric pads are smaller and deliver a lower energy shock tailored to a child's smaller heart size. If pediatric pads aren't available, use adult pads; the lower energy setting might also be chosen.

When in Doubt, Call 911 (or your local emergency number)

Remember, the emphasis is always on immediate action. If you're unsure about a child's age or weight, start CPR immediately. Call for emergency medical services as quickly as possible. The dispatcher will guide you with instructions based on the information you provide.

Proper training in CPR and AED use is essential. Consider taking a CPR/AED certification course to gain confidence and competence. The knowledge you gain can be the difference between life and death.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always follow the guidelines provided in your local CPR/AED training course and refer to the latest recommendations from reputable organizations like the AHA and the ARC.