how high hematocrit is dangerous

3 min read 19-03-2025

Meta Description: Discover the dangers of high hematocrit (polycythemia). Learn about its causes, symptoms, complications like blood clots and stroke, and essential treatment options to manage this serious condition. This comprehensive guide explains why high hematocrit levels require medical attention.

Introduction:

High hematocrit, also known as polycythemia, signifies a higher-than-normal concentration of red blood cells in your blood. While a slightly elevated hematocrit might not always be cause for alarm, significantly high levels can be dangerous, increasing your risk of serious health complications. This article delves into the dangers of high hematocrit, exploring its causes, symptoms, and the crucial importance of seeking medical attention. Understanding how high hematocrit is dangerous is key to protecting your health.

Understanding Hematocrit and Polycythemia

Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in your blood. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body. A normal hematocrit level varies slightly depending on age and sex, but generally falls within a specific range. Polycythemia refers to an abnormally high hematocrit. When hematocrit levels become too high, the blood thickens, potentially leading to several serious problems.

Causes of High Hematocrit

High hematocrit can stem from various underlying conditions. Two main types exist:

Primary Polycythemia (Polycythemia Vera): This is a rare bone marrow disorder where the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells. It's a type of blood cancer.
Secondary Polycythemia: This is much more common and often caused by other factors, such as:
- Chronic lung disease: Conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis lower blood oxygen levels, triggering the body to produce more red blood cells.
- Heart disease: Certain heart conditions can also lead to low oxygen levels, similarly stimulating red blood cell production.
- Living at high altitudes: The lower oxygen levels at high altitudes can cause the body to increase red blood cell production.
- Kidney tumors: Some kidney tumors produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.
- Steroid use: Long-term use of anabolic steroids can elevate red blood cell counts.
- Dehydration: While not a true cause of polycythemia, dehydration can artificially inflate hematocrit readings because the blood volume is reduced.

Dangers of High Hematocrit: Potential Complications

The increased thickness of the blood associated with high hematocrit significantly raises the risk of several serious health issues:

1. Blood Clots

Thick blood is more prone to clotting. These clots can travel to vital organs, causing:

Pulmonary embolism: A blood clot in the lungs, potentially fatal.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in a deep vein, often in the leg.
Stroke: A clot blocking blood flow to the brain.
Heart attack: A clot blocking blood flow to the heart.

2. Headaches and Dizziness

High hematocrit can cause headaches and dizziness due to impaired blood flow to the brain.

3. Vision Problems

Thick blood can reduce blood flow to the eyes, potentially leading to blurry vision or even blindness.

4. Itching

Many individuals with polycythemia experience intense itching, particularly after showering.

5. Splenomegaly

An enlarged spleen is a common symptom of polycythemia.

6. Gout

Increased uric acid levels can lead to gout attacks, causing severe joint pain.

Symptoms of High Hematocrit

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of polycythemia and the underlying cause. Some common signs include:

Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Headache
Dizziness
Weakness
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
Chest pain
Vision changes
Itching

Diagnosis and Treatment of High Hematocrit

Diagnosis usually involves a complete blood count (CBC) to measure hematocrit and other blood components. Further tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on reducing the number of red blood cells and thinning the blood:

Phlebotomy: Regularly removing blood to lower hematocrit levels.
Medications: Hydroxyurea or other medications may be prescribed to suppress red blood cell production.
Low-dose aspirin: Helps prevent blood clots.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, consult a doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing serious complications. Regular checkups, especially if you have risk factors, are important for maintaining good health. Don't ignore symptoms – address them promptly.

Conclusion

High hematocrit is a serious condition that can lead to life-threatening complications. Understanding the dangers of high hematocrit and promptly seeking medical attention if you suspect you have this condition is crucial for preventing long-term health problems. Regular health checkups and awareness of the symptoms are vital for early diagnosis and management. Remember, addressing high hematocrit promptly can significantly improve your health outcomes.