how do i know what speed to play a record

Daniel Parker

2 min read

·

30-01-2025

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Knowing the correct speed to play your vinyl records is crucial for enjoying the music as the artist intended. Incorrect speed alters the pitch and tempo, resulting in a distorted listening experience. This guide will explain how to identify the correct speed for your records.

Understanding Record Speeds

Most vinyl records fall into one of three standard speeds:

• 33⅓ RPM (Revolutions Per Minute): This is the most common speed for LPs (Long Playing) records, typically containing albums of music.
• 45 RPM: This speed is frequently used for singles and EPs (Extended Plays), often featuring fewer tracks than LPs.
• 78 RPM: This is the oldest standard speed, used for shellac records popular before the LP era. These are less common now.

Identifying the Record Speed

The easiest way to determine the correct speed is to look at the record label itself. The RPM will usually be printed directly on the label, often near the center hole or in the runout groove (the area near the edge of the record where the music ends). It might say "33⅓ RPM," "45 RPM," or "78 RPM."

What if the label is damaged or unreadable?

If the label is damaged or missing information, there are other clues you can use:

• Record Size: While not foolproof, record size can provide a clue. 33⅓ RPM LPs are typically 12 inches in diameter. 45 RPM singles are usually 7 inches. However, exceptions exist, so this should be used as a secondary indicator only.
• Number of Tracks: LPs at 33⅓ RPM generally have more tracks (songs) than 45s at 45 RPM. This is just a general guideline as exceptions exist.
• Visual Inspection: Although less reliable, you could potentially look at the grooves. While groove spacing isn't explicitly connected to RPM, the wider spacing of 78 RPM records is noticeably different.

Online Databases:

If you’ve exhausted all other methods, online resources may help. Try searching for the album title and artist. The information might be listed on websites like Discogs or AllMusic. These sites are dedicated to music information and often have detailed specifications of various releases.

Setting the Speed on Your Turntable

Once you've identified the correct speed, setting it on your turntable is typically straightforward. Most turntables have a switch or selector to change between 33⅓, 45, and sometimes 78 RPM. Consult your turntable's user manual if you have trouble locating this control.

Troubleshooting: The Record Sounds Wrong

Even if you've set the correct speed, there might still be issues:

• Worn-out Turntable: If the motor of your turntable is aging or damaged, it may not maintain consistent speed. Consider getting it serviced or replaced.
• Incorrect Belt: The belt connecting the motor to the platter can wear out and cause speed fluctuations. A new belt may resolve the issue.
• Pitch Control: Some turntables have a pitch control, allowing you to adjust the speed slightly. However, using this should be avoided, as it alters the recording from how the artist intended it to sound.

Conclusion

Determining the correct speed for your vinyl records involves simple observation of the record label. By carefully checking the label for the RPM information, and understanding the typical sizes and track counts associated with each speed, you can ensure that you're enjoying your records at the proper speed for an optimal listening experience. If you have any lingering doubt, resources like online music databases can be beneficial. Remember, always consult your turntable's manual for specific instructions on speed adjustments. Enjoy your vinyl!