external locus of control definition

3 min read 13-03-2025

Meta Description: Explore the concept of external locus of control, understanding its definition, characteristics, and impact on behavior, relationships, and overall well-being. Learn how to identify it and explore potential strategies for a healthier perspective. (158 characters)

Introduction:

The concept of locus of control, a cornerstone of personality psychology, describes where individuals perceive the source of their life's events. Do they believe they are in control (internal locus of control), or do they feel that external forces dictate their outcomes (external locus of control)? This article delves into the definition of external locus of control, exploring its characteristics and the impact it can have on various aspects of life. Understanding external locus of control is crucial for personal growth and improved well-being.

What is External Locus of Control?

External locus of control refers to the belief that one's successes and failures are primarily determined by factors outside of their personal control. This includes elements like luck, fate, powerful others, or the environment. Individuals with an external locus of control often attribute positive outcomes to external factors like chance or the help of others. Conversely, they attribute negative outcomes to bad luck, powerful figures, or unavoidable circumstances beyond their influence.

Characteristics of Individuals with an External Locus of Control

Several behavioral and cognitive characteristics are often associated with an external locus of control:

Fatalism: A belief that events are predetermined and unavoidable.
Powerlessness: Feeling a lack of personal control over their lives.
Learned Helplessness: A tendency to give up easily when faced with challenges.
External Attribution: Consistently blaming external factors for both successes and failures.
Reduced Self-Efficacy: Lowered belief in their own ability to influence outcomes.
Higher Levels of Anxiety and Depression: A correlation exists between an external locus of control and increased mental health challenges.

Impact of External Locus of Control

The belief that external factors govern one's life can significantly impact various aspects of an individual's well-being:

Relationships: Individuals with an external locus of control may struggle to take responsibility for their actions within relationships, potentially leading to conflict. They might blame their partner or external circumstances for relationship problems.
Work Performance: A strong external locus of control can hinder career success. A lack of perceived control can lead to reduced motivation and effort. It might also impact their ability to effectively problem-solve and adapt to workplace challenges.
Health: Research suggests a link between external locus of control and poorer health outcomes. This could be due to a reduced sense of responsibility for their health choices and a decreased likelihood of engaging in proactive health behaviors.
Mental Well-being: As previously noted, individuals with a strong external locus of control tend to experience higher levels of anxiety and depression. This is because they lack a sense of agency and control over their lives, leading to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.

How to Identify External Locus of Control

Identifying an external locus of control involves self-reflection and careful observation of one's thought patterns and behaviors. Consider these questions:

Do you frequently blame outside forces for your misfortunes?
Do you feel powerless to change negative situations in your life?
Do you believe luck plays a significant role in your achievements?
Do you often feel that you have little control over your own destiny?

If you answered yes to many of these questions, you might have a predominantly external locus of control. It's crucial to note that a locus of control exists on a spectrum, with most individuals exhibiting a mix of internal and external orientations.

Shifting Towards a More Internal Locus of Control

While an external locus of control can be challenging, it's not an unchangeable trait. Strategies to foster a more internal locus of control include:

Cognitive Restructuring: Challenge negative thought patterns and actively reframe situations to focus on personal agency.
Goal Setting: Setting achievable goals, however small, provides a sense of accomplishment and control.
Problem-Solving Skills: Develop and practice effective problem-solving techniques to build confidence in your ability to navigate challenges.
Self-Compassion: Cultivate self-compassion and avoid harsh self-criticism. Acknowledge setbacks as opportunities for growth.
Seeking Professional Help: Therapy can be extremely beneficial in addressing underlying issues contributing to an external locus of control, such as anxiety or depression.

Conclusion:

Understanding external locus of control is a critical step towards personal growth and well-being. While external factors undeniably influence our lives, cultivating a greater sense of internal control can lead to improved mental health, stronger relationships, and enhanced success in various life domains. Recognizing the characteristics and impact of external locus of control empowers individuals to make positive changes and take ownership of their lives. Remember, shifting towards a more internal locus of control is a journey, not a destination, requiring consistent effort and self-reflection.