contiguous zone definition ap human geography

Daniel Parker

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01-03-2025

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The contiguous zone is a region of the sea extending beyond a nation's territorial waters, where a coastal state can exert limited control for specific purposes. Understanding its definition is crucial for AP Human Geography students. This article will thoroughly explore the concept, its implications, and its relevance to global politics and maritime law.

What is the Contiguous Zone in AP Human Geography?

The contiguous zone, as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), extends up to 24 nautical miles (approximately 44 kilometers) from a nation's baseline. This baseline is typically the low-water line along the coast. Unlike territorial waters (which extend 12 nautical miles), the contiguous zone doesn't grant a state complete sovereignty. Instead, it allows a coastal state to enforce laws related to:

• Customs: Preventing smuggling and illegal importation of goods.
• Immigration: Controlling the entry of individuals into the country.
• Taxation: Collecting duties and taxes related to goods entering or leaving its territory.
• Sanitation: Preventing pollution or other health hazards.

It's crucial to remember that unlike territorial waters, a coastal nation's jurisdiction within the contiguous zone is limited to these specific enforcement actions. They cannot exercise general sovereign control over all activities within this zone.

Distinguishing the Contiguous Zone from Territorial Waters and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

It's easy to confuse the contiguous zone with other maritime zones. Here's a breakdown to clarify:

• Territorial Waters (12 nautical miles): A coastal state has complete sovereignty over its territorial waters. This includes the airspace above, the seabed below, and all resources within.
• Contiguous Zone (24 nautical miles): Limited jurisdiction for specific law enforcement purposes, primarily related to customs, immigration, taxation, and sanitation.
• Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (200 nautical miles): A state has sovereign rights over exploration and use of marine resources, but does not have sovereignty over the water column itself.

The Significance of the Contiguous Zone in AP Human Geography

The contiguous zone is significant for several reasons:

• Enforcement of Laws: It provides a buffer zone to prevent illegal activities from impacting the coastal state. This is especially relevant for nations with long coastlines or porous borders.
• National Security: It helps in maintaining national security by allowing for the interception of illicit trafficking and preventing unauthorized entry.
• Economic Interests: While not granting full control over resources, it supports the economic interests of coastal states by preventing smuggling and illegal fishing that could negatively impact their economies.
• International Law: The UNCLOS provides the legal framework for defining and regulating the various maritime zones, including the contiguous zone. Understanding this framework is essential for understanding international relations and maritime disputes.

Case Studies and Examples:

Analyzing specific examples of how countries utilize their contiguous zones to enforce laws and protect their interests can significantly enrich your understanding. Research real-world situations where coastal states have exercised their rights within their contiguous zones to combat smuggling or other illegal activities.

How the Contiguous Zone Relates to Other Concepts in AP Human Geography

The concept of the contiguous zone directly connects to several other topics in AP Human Geography:

• Geopolitics: Maritime boundaries are often a source of contention between nations, and understanding the contiguous zone is essential for comprehending these geopolitical issues.
• International Relations: The UNCLOS demonstrates the attempt to create a legal framework for regulating the use of maritime space, reflecting broader attempts at international cooperation and the resolution of conflict.
• Globalization: The movement of goods and people across borders is a key aspect of globalization, and the contiguous zone plays a role in regulating this movement.

By thoroughly understanding the definition and implications of the contiguous zone, AP Human Geography students can gain a deeper understanding of maritime law, international relations, and the complex interplay between states and oceans. Remember to consult your textbook and other relevant resources for further information.