cheilosis and angular stomatitis

3 min read 10-03-2025

Meta Description: Discover the causes, symptoms, and effective treatments for cheilosis and angular stomatitis, including dietary changes, topical medications, and when to see a doctor. Learn how to prevent these painful mouth corner sores. (158 characters)

What is Cheilosis and Angular Stomatitis?

Cheilosis and angular stomatitis are often used interchangeably, but there's a subtle difference. Cheilosis is a general term referring to inflammation and cracking of the lips. Angular cheilitis, or angular stomatitis, specifically describes inflammation and cracking at the corners of the mouth. Both conditions are characterized by painful, red, and sometimes bleeding sores. They can range in severity from mild discomfort to significant pain hindering eating and speaking. This article focuses primarily on angular stomatitis, as it's the more common and specific concern.

Causes of Angular Stomatitis

Several factors can contribute to the development of angular stomatitis:

1. Fungal Infections (Candida):

This is a common culprit, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or those who wear dentures. Candida albicans, a yeast-like fungus, thrives in moist environments.

2. Bacterial Infections:

Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus can also cause inflammation.

3. Vitamin Deficiencies:

Deficiencies in riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and iron can increase susceptibility.

4. Skin Conditions:

Eczema or other skin irritations around the mouth can predispose individuals to angular stomatitis.

5. Drooling/Excessive Saliva:

Saliva creates a moist environment, fostering the growth of bacteria and fungi. This is more common in infants and those with certain medical conditions.

6. Ill-Fitting Dentures:

Dentures that don't fit properly can irritate the corners of the mouth, creating a breeding ground for infection.

7. Allergic Reactions:

Reactions to certain ingredients in lip balms or other products can trigger inflammation.

8. Weakened Immune System:

Individuals with compromised immune systems are more vulnerable to infections, including angular stomatitis.

Symptoms of Angular Stomatitis

The characteristic symptom is painful cracks or fissures at the corners of the mouth. Other symptoms include:

Redness and Swelling: The affected area becomes inflamed and swollen.
Crusting and Scaling: Sores may develop a crust or scaly appearance.
Bleeding: Minor bleeding can occur when the sores are irritated.
Pain and Discomfort: Eating, speaking, and even smiling can be painful.

Diagnosing Angular Stomatitis

A doctor or dentist can typically diagnose angular stomatitis through a visual examination. In some cases, a swab may be taken to identify the specific causative organism (fungus or bacteria) and guide treatment.

Treatment for Angular Stomatitis

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Options include:

1. Antifungal Medications:

For Candida infections, antifungal creams or oral medications are typically prescribed. Examples include nystatin or clotrimazole.

2. Antibacterial Medications:

If bacteria are the cause, an antibiotic ointment may be effective.

3. Nutritional Adjustments:

Addressing vitamin deficiencies through diet or supplements can be beneficial.

4. Topical Corticosteroids:

In some cases, mild corticosteroid creams can help reduce inflammation.

5. Improved Oral Hygiene:

Maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, is crucial for preventing recurrence.

6. Denture Adjustment:

If ill-fitting dentures are a factor, they need to be adjusted or replaced by a dentist.

7. Avoid Irritants:

Identify and avoid any lip products or other substances that may be causing allergic reactions.

How to Prevent Angular Stomatitis

Prevention focuses on addressing the underlying causes and maintaining good oral hygiene:

Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush and floss regularly.
Keep your lips moisturized: Use a lip balm that doesn't contain irritants.
Treat underlying medical conditions: Address any vitamin deficiencies or immune system problems.
Ensure proper denture fit: See your dentist regularly for denture checks and adjustments.
Avoid licking your lips: This can worsen dryness and create a moist environment for fungal growth.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a doctor or dentist if:

Symptoms persist despite home remedies.
Symptoms are severe or worsen.
You have a weakened immune system.
You develop complications such as bleeding or infection.

Angular stomatitis is a common, treatable condition. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most individuals can find relief from the painful symptoms and prevent future occurrences. Remember, proactive oral hygiene and addressing potential underlying issues are key to prevention.