cephalohematoma vs caput succedaneum

Daniel Parker

2 min read

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19-03-2025

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Meta Description: Learn the key differences between cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum, two common head swellings in newborns. This comprehensive guide explains causes, symptoms, treatment, and when to seek medical attention for your baby. We'll cover diagnosis, potential complications, and how these conditions are managed. Don't worry, we'll explain it in simple terms!

What are Cephalohematoma and Caput Succedaneum?

Both cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum are head swellings that can occur in newborns during delivery. While they both present as lumps on the baby's head, they are distinct conditions with different causes and characteristics. Understanding these differences is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.

Caput Succedaneum

Caput succedaneum is a swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp. It's caused by pressure on the baby's head during labor. The pressure forces fluid into the tissues, resulting in a soft, diffuse swelling.

• Cause: Pressure during labor and delivery.
• Location: Can cross suture lines (the joints between the skull bones).
• Appearance: Soft, diffuse swelling, often involving the scalp over the presenting part of the baby's head (the part that comes out first). It may be bruised (ecchymotic).
• Treatment: Usually resolves spontaneously within a few days to a week, requiring no specific treatment.

Cephalohematoma

Cephalohematoma is a collection of blood that develops beneath the periosteum (the membrane covering the skull bones). It's caused by bleeding between the skull bone and the periosteum. This is different from caput succedaneum, which is swelling of the scalp.

• Cause: Bleeding due to trauma during birth.
• Location: Confined to one cranial bone; does not cross suture lines.
• Appearance: Well-defined, fluctuant swelling that typically appears a few hours after birth. It may take several weeks to resolve. Sometimes there is discoloration (bruising).
• Treatment: Usually resolves spontaneously over several weeks. Rarely, it may need aspiration (removal of the blood) if it becomes very large or infected.

Key Differences: Cephalohematoma vs. Caput Succedaneum

Here's a table summarizing the main differences:

When to Seek Medical Attention

While both caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma typically resolve without intervention, it's essential to seek medical attention if:

• Infection: Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, increasing pain, or pus.
• Excessive Swelling: The swelling is very large or growing rapidly.
• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin, more common with cephalohematoma due to the breakdown of red blood cells.
• Persistent Swelling: The swelling doesn't improve after a reasonable time.

Your pediatrician or healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the condition and monitor your baby's progress. They can also address any complications.

Potential Complications

Although rare, potential complications of cephalohematoma include:

• Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice): The breakdown of red blood cells in the hematoma can release bilirubin into the bloodstream.
• Infection: Infection of the hematoma is possible.
• Calcification: Rarely, calcium deposits may form within the hematoma, which is usually harmless but can be seen on imaging scans.
• Anemia: In rare cases, significant blood loss in the cephalohematoma can cause anemia.

Caput succedaneum rarely leads to complications.

Conclusion

Cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum are common benign head swellings in newborns. Understanding their differences helps in proper diagnosis and management. While often resolving spontaneously, it is vital to consult a healthcare professional for any concerns about your baby's condition. Early detection and monitoring can prevent potential complications. Always contact your pediatrician if you have any questions or concerns about your newborn's health.