can dogs get herpes

3 min read 19-03-2025

Canine herpesvirus (CHV) is a serious viral disease that primarily affects puppies. While dogs can contract herpes, the strain affecting them is different from the human herpes simplex virus (HSV). Understanding the differences and the impact of CHV is crucial for responsible dog ownership.

What is Canine Herpesvirus (CHV)?

Canine herpesvirus (CHV) is a DNA virus belonging to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. It's highly contagious and primarily affects puppies under three weeks old. Older dogs can be infected but usually experience milder symptoms or are asymptomatic carriers. CHV spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, including nasal secretions, saliva, and urine. It can also spread indirectly through contaminated surfaces.

How is CHV Transmitted?

CHV transmission occurs primarily through direct contact with an infected mother dog or other puppies. The virus can be transmitted:

From mother to puppies: Pregnant dogs infected with CHV can transmit the virus to their puppies in utero (before birth) or during the birthing process.
Direct contact: Direct contact between infected and uninfected puppies can facilitate the spread of CHV.
Indirect contact: The virus can survive on surfaces for a short time, enabling indirect transmission. Careful hygiene is crucial to prevent this.

Symptoms of CHV in Puppies

CHV manifests differently depending on the puppy's age and immune system strength. Symptoms in young puppies can be severe and life-threatening. These include:

Respiratory distress: Difficulty breathing, coughing, and sneezing are common.
Neurological signs: Weakness, tremors, seizures, and incoordination can occur.
Gastrointestinal issues: Diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration are possible.
Fever: High temperatures are a common indication of infection.
Eye discharge: Inflammation and discharge from the eyes.
Skin lesions: In some cases, skin sores or ulcers may develop.

Older puppies and adult dogs may exhibit milder or no symptoms. They might act slightly unwell, but their bodies often fight off the infection. However, they can still carry and spread the virus.

Diagnosing CHV

Veterinary diagnosis is crucial. Your vet will likely perform a physical examination, assess symptoms, and may recommend:

Blood tests: To detect antibodies against CHV.
Viral cultures: To isolate and identify the virus from samples such as nasal swabs.
PCR testing: A highly sensitive test to detect viral DNA.

Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and improving the chances of survival, especially in young puppies.

Treatment and Prevention

Unfortunately, there is no specific cure for CHV. Treatment focuses on supportive care, managing symptoms, and improving the puppy's chances of survival. This might include:

Fluid therapy: To combat dehydration.
Respiratory support: Oxygen therapy may be needed if breathing is severely compromised.
Antiviral medication: While not a cure, some antiviral drugs can help reduce the severity and duration of the illness. Your vet will determine the most appropriate course of action.
Nutritional support: Providing proper nutrition is essential for recovery.

Prevention is key. To reduce the risk of CHV infection:

Vaccination: Vaccines are available for pregnant bitches to protect their puppies.
Hygiene: Maintain strict hygiene practices in breeding facilities and whelping areas. Disinfect surfaces regularly.
Quarantine: Isolate sick puppies from healthy ones to prevent the spread of infection.
Careful breeding practices: Screen breeding dogs for CHV and avoid breeding infected animals.

Can Humans Get Herpes from Dogs?

No. The herpes virus that infects dogs is species-specific. Human herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and canine herpesvirus (CHV) are distinct and don't cross species. You cannot catch CHV from your dog, and your dog cannot contract human herpes.

Conclusion

Canine herpesvirus is a serious threat to puppies, particularly those under three weeks old. Early diagnosis, supportive care, and preventative measures are crucial for managing CHV and protecting puppies from this devastating disease. While humans can't contract the virus from dogs, responsible dog ownership involves understanding and taking steps to prevent CHV infection. Always consult your veterinarian if you suspect your dog may be infected.