blood test rdw-cv high

3 min read 12-03-2025

A high RDW-CV (red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation) blood test result indicates that the sizes of your red blood cells vary more than usual. This isn't a diagnosis itself, but rather a flag that suggests something might be amiss with your red blood cell production. Let's delve into what this means and what you should do if you receive such a result.

What is RDW-CV and Why is it Important?

RDW-CV measures the variation in the size of your red blood cells (also known as erythrocytes). Healthy red blood cells are relatively uniform in size. A high RDW-CV signifies anisocytosis – a condition where red blood cells are of significantly different sizes. This variation can be a clue to underlying health issues affecting red blood cell production. Understanding your RDW-CV is crucial as it helps doctors assess your overall health and identify potential problems.

What Causes a High RDW-CV?

Several factors can contribute to an elevated RDW-CV. It's important to note that a high RDW-CV alone isn't diagnostic; it requires further investigation to pinpoint the root cause. Some common causes include:

1. Anemia

Many types of anemia are associated with an increased RDW-CV. This includes:

Iron-deficiency anemia: The most common cause of anemia, resulting from insufficient iron to produce healthy red blood cells.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia): A deficiency in vitamin B12, crucial for red blood cell production.
Folate deficiency anemia: A deficiency in folate, another essential vitamin for red blood cell development.
Thalassemia: A group of inherited blood disorders affecting hemoglobin production.
Sickle cell anemia: An inherited disorder resulting in abnormally shaped red blood cells.

2. Other Medical Conditions

Conditions beyond anemia can also lead to a high RDW-CV:

Chronic diseases: Conditions like kidney disease, liver disease, and certain cancers can affect red blood cell production.
Alcohol abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce healthy red blood cells.
Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland can interfere with various bodily functions, including red blood cell production.
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): A group of cancers affecting the bone marrow, resulting in abnormal blood cell production.

3. Medications

Certain medications can influence red blood cell production and contribute to a high RDW-CV. It's essential to discuss any medications you're taking with your doctor.

What to Expect if Your RDW-CV is High?

If your blood test shows an elevated RDW-CV, your doctor will likely order further tests to determine the underlying cause. These may include:

Complete blood count (CBC): A comprehensive blood test providing detailed information about your red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Peripheral blood smear: A microscopic examination of your blood to assess the size, shape, and number of your red blood cells.
Iron studies: Tests to measure your iron levels, iron-binding capacity, and ferritin levels.
Vitamin B12 and folate levels: Tests to check your levels of these essential vitamins.
Bone marrow biopsy (in some cases): A procedure to examine a sample of your bone marrow to assess its function.

How is a High RDW-CV Treated?

Treatment for a high RDW-CV focuses on addressing the underlying cause. This could involve:

Iron supplements: For iron-deficiency anemia.
Vitamin B12 or folate supplements: For deficiencies in these vitamins.
Medication adjustments: If medications are contributing to the high RDW-CV.
Treatment of underlying medical conditions: Addressing the root cause of the problem, such as managing kidney disease or treating cancer.
Blood transfusions (in severe cases): To replace deficient red blood cells.

When to See a Doctor

If you have any concerns about your blood test results or experience symptoms like fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, or pale skin, it's crucial to consult your doctor. They can properly interpret your results, order further tests if needed, and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Don't self-diagnose or self-treat; always seek professional medical advice.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.